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tuolumne_tradster
Trad climber
Leading Edge of North American Plate
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Topic Author's Reply - Jul 18, 2017 - 07:55pm PT
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for the Serpentinite lovers on the Taco Stand, here's a paper summarizing how greenhouse gas emissions can be mitigated by sequestering CO2 via carbonation reactions...serpentine + CO2 -> magnesite + quartz ± H2O. Apparently one of the many engineering challenges is overcoming the sluggish reaction rate.
Serpentinite Carbonation for CO2 Sequestration
1811-5209/13/0009-115 DOI: 10.2113/gselements.9.2.115
Ian M. Power1, Siobhan A. Wilson2, and Gregory M. Dipple1
Serpentinites offer a highly reactive feedstock for carbonation reactions and the capacity to sequester carbon dioxide (CO2) on a global scale. CO2 can be sequestered in mined serpentinite using high-temperature carbonation reactors, by carbonating alkaline mine wastes, or by subsurface reaction through CO2 injection into serpentinite-hosted aquifers and serpentinized peridotites. Natural analogues to serpentinite carbonation, such as exhumed hydrothermal systems, alkaline travertines, and hydromagnesite–magnesite playas, provide insights into geochemical controls on carbonation rates that can guide industrial CO2 sequestration. The upscaling of existing technologies that accelerate serpentinite carbonation may prove sufficient for offsetting local industrial emissions, but global-scale implementation will require considerable incentives and further research and development.
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MH2
Boulder climber
Andy Cairns
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Jul 18, 2017 - 08:27pm PT
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Interesting and hopeful. Would CO2 removed that way ever become bio-available again?
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tuolumne_tradster
Trad climber
Leading Edge of North American Plate
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Topic Author's Reply - Jul 18, 2017 - 10:05pm PT
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MH2: ideally the CO2 would be sequestered or mineralized for geologic time scales.
Mineral carbonation is not the silver bullet that's going to save the planet but it's an interesting emerging technology that could become a component of engineered solutions to curb climate change. According to this 2014 paper, ex situ mineral carbonation using serpentinite as a feedstock would cost $50 to $300 per ton CO2 sequestered.
A review of mineral carbonation technologies to sequester CO2
DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00035h
A. Sanna, M. Uibu, G. Caramanna, R. Kuusikb and M. M. Maroto-Valerac
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture and sequestration includes a portfolio of technologies that can potentially sequester billions of tonnes of CO2 per year. Mineral carbonation (MC) is emerging as a potential CCS technology solution to sequester CO2 from smaller/medium emitters, where geological sequestration is not a viable option. In MC processes, CO2 is chemically reacted with calcium- and/or magnesium-containing materials to form stable carbonates. This work investigates the current advancement in the proposed MC technologies and the role they can play in decreasing the overall cost of this CO2 sequestration route. In situ mineral carbonation is a very promising option in terms of resources available and enhanced security, but the technology is still in its infancy and transport and storage costs are still higher than geological storage in sedimentary basins ($17 instead of $8 per tCO2). Ex situ mineral carbonation has been demonstrated on pilot and demonstration scales. However, its application is currently limited by its high costs, which range from $50 to $300 per tCO2 sequestered. Energy use, the reaction rate and material handling are the key factors hindering the success of this technology. The value of the products seems central to render MC economically viable in the same way as conventional CCS seems profitable only when combined with EOR. Large scale projects such as the Skyonic process can help in reducing the knowledge gaps on MC fundamentals and provide accurate costing and data on processes integration and comparison. The literature to date indicates that in the coming decades MC can play an important role in decarbonising the power and industrial sector
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skcreidc
Social climber
SD, CA
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Jul 19, 2017 - 06:37am PT
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Fascinating thread! In fact, this was my morning read for the day. I'm going to have to go back and read it again a couple more times.
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MH2
Boulder climber
Andy Cairns
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Jul 19, 2017 - 08:48am PT
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Thank you.
This is what I was thinking about, though by no means worried about:
During the next four billion years, the luminosity of the Sun will steadily increase, resulting in a rise in the solar radiation reaching the Earth. This will result in a higher rate of weathering of silicate minerals, which will cause a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In about 600 million years from now, the level of CO2 will fall below the level needed to sustain C3 carbon fixation photosynthesis used by trees.
from Wikipedia
That is a scenario I can't foresee human activity having much impact on.
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Craig Fry
Trad climber
So Cal.
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Jul 19, 2017 - 10:04am PT
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I collected pounds of beautiful Green blue serpentine near Ashland Oregon.
I noticed that very few plants grew in the out crops, and it looks like a similar pattern in the above photos.
From the looks of the streams, it looks toxic.
But the quick search I just did on serpentine said nothing about toxicity.
Anyone know anything about it?
We used it for top dressing on cactus with no apparent affects
Another cool thing about Serpentine is that it is slightly magnetic!
I found out by accident one day when I was fooling around with a new super Samarium Cobalt magnet that I just bought, I could pick up a pounders with it.
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Craig Fry
Trad climber
So Cal.
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Jul 19, 2017 - 10:17am PT
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Now that we know about the serpentinezation on Mars, are we sure there wasn't a long lost civilization living there 1,000s of years ago??
My Congressman wants to know.
Rep. Dana Rohrabacher (R-Calif.) took a moment during a committee meeting with NASA scientists on Tuesday to ask if there’s any evidence of long-lost civilizations on Mars in relatively recent history.
“You have indicated that Mars was totally different thousands of years ago,” he asked Ken Farley, project scientist for NASA’s Mars 2020 rover mission. “Is it possible that there was a civilization on Mars thousands of years ago?”
Farley, however, had not referred to any difference on Mars “thousands of years ago,” and set the record straight.
“So, the evidence is that Mars was different billions of years ago, not thousands of years ago,” he answered, in a clip posted online by Space.com.
“Billions, well, yes,” Rohrabacher interjected.
“There’s no evidence that I’m aware of,” Farley said.
“Would you rule that out? See, there’s some people, well, anyway,” Rohrabacher added.
“I would say that is extremely unlikely,” Farley concluded.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/dana-rohrabacher-mars_us_596eb63de4b0a03aba85c1b1?ncid=inblnkushpmg00000009
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tuolumne_tradster
Trad climber
Leading Edge of North American Plate
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Topic Author's Reply - Jul 19, 2017 - 11:02am PT
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http://nrs.ucdavis.edu/mcl/natural/plants/
most soils derived from serpentinite tend to be highly infertile because of their extremely high levels of magnesium, chromium and nickel, low concentrations of nutrients such as calcium and nitrogen, and low water-holding capacity.
Craig Fry: Note magnetite (Fe3O4) & Ni content of Serpentine...Ni is ferromagnetic.
Cr is anti-ferromagnetic, so it was probably the Fe & Ni content.
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tuolumne_tradster
Trad climber
Leading Edge of North American Plate
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Topic Author's Reply - Jul 20, 2017 - 03:13pm PT
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FYI, here's some European Space Agency (ESA) imagery of the Nili Fossae, the area on Mars that The Cedars is an analogue for...
Nili Fossae is a graben system on Mars, northeast of the Syrtis Major volcanic province, on the northwestern edge of the giant Isidis impact basin. Some of these incisions into the martian crust are up to 500 m deep and probably formed at the same time as the basin. The High-Resolution Stereo Camera on ESA’s Mars Express took this image. These perspective views have been calculated from the Digital Terrain Model derived from the stereo channels.
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