Tell me about tumeric ?

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TrundleBum

Trad climber
Las Vegas
Topic Author's Original Post - Jan 24, 2008 - 06:30pm PT

1st ... (sp) sorry -- TURMERIC

Blinney asking about Vit-D amde me think...

I read a thread here, where many here were ranting about the benefits of tumeric.
My only knowledge of tumeric is having learned about it as a native Hawaiian plant (Olena).

A few nights ago I was talking with my (83) year old dad and he mentioned his arthritis and I told him I had heard tumeric was very good and that I would look into it.

So I am looking into it.
How much do people typically ingest in what timeframe ?
How long do the positive effects last ?
Is there 'diminshing returns' of effectiveness/usage ?
What actual part of the plant is used ? The dried root powder (like Yucca)?

Any suggestions on a good supplier?
Any comments or helpful suggestions ?
(such as 'good to take such+such vitamin supplement with it etc..)


My dad is making a steady shift from being a toxic dumping ground for the AMA and reducing his pharmecuetical meds, either dropping them if he can and/or suplementing thenm with holistic solutions. Anything I can do to help him learn more about being comfortable without feeding the likes of 'Ely Lilly' I will. So...

TY ahead folks.
JR
scuffy b

climber
Stump with a backrest
Jan 24, 2008 - 06:47pm PT
regular dumb old black pepper
Hey, regular old black pepper was one of the big players in the
race to the Orient. Turmeric and cinnamon, too.
WBraun

climber
Jan 24, 2008 - 06:49pm PT
After Blinny (Kathy) above told me about it I immediately went out and got some Turmeric. Natures Way brand.

I figured what the hell why not try it.

And .... it worked!
Jonny D

Social climber
Lost Angelez, Kalifornia
Jan 24, 2008 - 06:52pm PT
as one with chronic injuries, i can attest to the power of turmeric as an anti-inflammatory. i use it in my food as often as possible, great stuff.
Fletcher

Trad climber
Varied locales along the time and space continuum
Jan 24, 2008 - 06:57pm PT
In the world of Ayurveda, it's a pretty positive thing for many people. Apparently women in India carry it around in the purses like other women elsewhere carry lipstick... well, maybe not the women on the taco stand! :-)

Fletch
scuffy b

climber
Stump with a backrest
Jan 24, 2008 - 07:13pm PT
A funny thing about the spice trades and the race to the Orient
is that the "failed" expeditions that found the New World ended
up with (eventually) some pretty heavy hitters.
Vanilla, cacao, potatoes, chiles, tobacco...
Levy

Big Wall climber
So Cal
Jan 24, 2008 - 07:14pm PT
In addition to Turmeric, I highly reccommend Oil of Oregano. It is an antibiotic, anti mucosal, anti-bacterial & anti-fungal homeopathic remedy.

If you Google it you will find lots of references to it & recent research suggests it is an anti-inflammitory too.

I use it 3 to 5 times per week, taken orally. 5 drops on the tongue, it tastes strong but works wonders!


Levy
salad

climber
San Diego
Jan 24, 2008 - 07:18pm PT
I take a product called Tissue Rejuvenator from Hammer Nutrition. Its reaaally helped out with joint and muscle injuries from running.

It contains:

Glucosamine sulfate is classified as an amino sugar, a type of carbohydrate used for structural tissues instead of as an energy source. It is the basic building block/raw material in joint cartilage, ligaments, and tendons. Glucosamine sulfate plays a major role in the synthesis of collagen, cartilage, bone, skin, and various lubricating fluids in joints. Glucosamine sulfate helps promote elasticity of joint movement and also functions as a mild anti-inflammatory.

Chondroitin sulfate is a natural component of several tissues in the body. Like glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate is one of the important building blocks for the repair of damaged cartilage. One of chondroitin sulfate's important functions is its ability to block the activity of enzymes that break down cartilage. This helps reduce inflammation and protects cartilage from further damage. Chondroitin sulfate also promotes lubrication and cushioning in the joints.

Methylsulfonylmethane, better known as MSM, is a metabolite of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), a well-known solvent, which has been used topically as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory. MSM is an organic form of sulfur, which is necessary for proper synthesis and maintenance of tissues such as skin, hair, nails, tendons and cartilage. MSM has been reported to reduce arthritic joint pain, enhance wound healing, and reduce allergic symptoms.

Tissue Rejuvenator's Enzyme Blend of peptidase, bromelain, papain, amylase, lipase, cellulase, and phytase not only aids in the complete absorption of the nutrient components in the product, it provides its own potent anti-inflammatory benefits.

Boswellia serrata is an Ayurvedic herb that has been extensively as an anti-inflammatory for the treatment of arthritis. Its primary active ingredients are triterpene acids, which may also be useful for treating exercise-induced asthma and irritable bowel syndrome.

Devil's Claw is a South African herb containing substances called iridoid glycosides that have anti-inflammatory properties. It is also purported to help relieve mild stomach upset.

Yucca Root is frequently used to combat osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. It contains high levels of beneficial phytochemical compounds known as saponins, which may provide anti-viral, anti-fungal, and antibacterial benefits as well.

Turmeric (Curcuma longa) contains a substance called curcumin, which has not only anti-inflammatory properties but also liver protecting, antibiotic, and antioxidant properties as well.

Quercetin is a water-soluble flavonoid typically found in onions, apples, leafy vegetables, and other food sources. It is both a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory and may also act as an antihistamine.

Undenatured Type II Collagen (UC-II™) is a patented, extensively studied dietary ingredient derived from chicken sternum cartilage. Through a complex process called oral tolerization, UC-II™ works with the immune system to promote healthy joints and increase joint mobility and flexibility.
TrundleBum

Trad climber
Las Vegas
Topic Author's Reply - Jan 24, 2008 - 07:26pm PT
active ingredient: curcumin
botanically in the ginger family

Amazing stuff, researchers investigating it's benefits for people suffering from everything from prostate and breast cancer, to Alzheimer's:

"Supplement sales have increased 35% from 2004, and the U.S. National Institutes of Health has four clinical trials underway to study curcumin treatment for pancreatic cancer, multiple myeloma, Alzheimer's, and colorectal cancer."

I have read quite a bit today and learned a lot already.
Personal stories are what I was looking for here.
TY Blinney, Werner, Jonny, Salad...
and levy TY very much that is the sort of info that you don't find easily.

Sounds like Blinney takes it everyday.
Werner do you, or just for 'bad days' ?

Diminishing returns or 'a gift that keeps on giving' ?

Sometimes I soo miss Hawai'i, I had it growing all around my yard,
just didn't have a clue about it's medicinal qualities at the time.
Chewbongka

climber
Jan 24, 2008 - 07:26pm PT
What's turmeric reaction when taken with Viagra?
Some body parts I'd like to leave inflamed.
salad

climber
San Diego
Jan 24, 2008 - 07:42pm PT
i take my supplement daily. when i have no injuries whatsoever for a long period, i half it. when its a bad injury i double or triple up. i also load for a week or two before races 50k and over.

i havent had any diminishing returns.

for me, it certainly doesnt stop inflamation and pain as fast or as effectively as NSAIDs but...

Jason Kinley from Hammer said this on the endurance mail list:

If you are using over the counter NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatories ) yes they can help however the also inhibit the actual healing process. The body has different neuro-transmitters involved but two of the common ones for pain and inflammation are Cox-1 and Cox-2. Cox-2 assists in creating
pain and inflammation while Cox-1 helps to heal. That is why the Cox-2 inhibitors such as Celebrex and Vioxx were so popular. They only blocked Cox-2 so the body could heal, however the side effects were less than acceptable. The problem with over the counter is they block both, meaning yes they reduce the pain, but take longer to heal. I am not
saying that NSAIDs do not have a place, I just recommend using TR instead. Please let me know if I can be of further assistance.
Heyzeus

climber
Hollywood,Ca
Jan 24, 2008 - 09:04pm PT
I use it only for acute injuries(as a anti-inflam), not as maintinance. I also take the quercetin(usually comes w/ bromelian) as well, also acutely. NSI brand is ok for the money. Other anti-inflamatory digestive enzymes are Wobenzyme or Infa-zyme (preferred,but needs refrigeration).
matisse

climber
Jan 24, 2008 - 09:12pm PT
Just googling gets you lots of bs and random stuff, so it's hit and miss, although there is some good stuff. There is so much good info out there in the public domain it is worth going to the sources, like pubmed.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez/

I've posted the link below before but this is a good place to start.
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-turmeric.html

The drug interactions part is worth paying attention to if you plan to take it. The link above was written by a multi-disciplinary group including naturopaths

my n = 1 .02 is that it seems to work for me. I take 500 mg/day.

Mustang

climber
From the wild, not the ranch
Jan 24, 2008 - 09:14pm PT
Eat more Indian-style curries with lots of dark green, leafy, veggies, as well as celery and bok choy. The added benefit of fresh ginger and garlic will also help stimulate the whole being toward a better state of health.

If that is unpalatable, just find it in the right pill form,,,,yuk,,, good luck.
Caveman

climber
Cumberland Plateau
Jan 24, 2008 - 10:09pm PT
This stuff tastes great.
http://www.healthy.net/scr/Recipe.asp?Id=48


Caveman

climber
Cumberland Plateau
Jan 24, 2008 - 10:18pm PT
Hard to believe but it does taste very good. Without the honey it might be a different story.
TrundleBum

Trad climber
Las Vegas
Topic Author's Reply - Jan 24, 2008 - 10:22pm PT
I thank y'all for the great info and links.

Blinny...
I had the same thought "promise it tastes good...?"

But hey maybe like climbing, "it doesn't have to be fun to be fun"

Levy:
"I highly reccommend Oil of Oregano"

he/she, made no bones about it's culinary excellence on the palate :)
paganmonkeyboy

climber
mars...it's near nevada...
Jan 24, 2008 - 10:53pm PT
drift - I've been taking cayenne for the heart - supposedly an anti inflammatory as well, and might help with arthritis...

http://www.shirleys-wellness-cafe.com/cayenne.htm

i just added turmeric to the shopping list too...though it looks like i have to go gentle with it, based on the interactions and the fact that i'm on a bunch of those drugs at the moment (thanks matisse for that link)
elcap-pics

climber
Crestline CA
Jan 24, 2008 - 11:27pm PT
Yo... I gave it a whirl on Werners advice for my hands... I haven't noted any improvement after a couple of months... that's just my experience, but I continue to take it... I load my own pills as it is way way cheap that way... I got a pound of it on the net for $7 and have made about 500 pills thus far and still have a lot left... hoping for results soon...
Tom Evans
Senor Pinche Wey

Big Wall climber
OB
Jan 25, 2008 - 12:01am PT
I am currently working in South India and I have been eating it three meals/day. I had no idea it was supposed to be good for me. What we get in the states is usually a yellow powder. Here they have the root itself. It looks like a miniature ginger root except it is brilliant deep orange when cut open.

It seems like alot of our new found medicinals have been a part of traditional diets for 1000s of years. America just has no traditional eating patterns other than processed wheat products. I would guess that many cultures don't have to get advice on an internet forum on what dietary supplementation works for which chronic diseases. The correct nutritional supplements are already a part of the diet.

Jim





TrundleBum

Trad climber
Las Vegas
Topic Author's Reply - Jan 25, 2008 - 12:27am PT
Very good point Senor'

Paganmonkeyboy:
I have taken cayenne now and again.
Years ago I heard about the 'master cleanse' fast...

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Cleanse

not such a big deal but it got me aware of cayenne as something to use other than just to color your hard boiled eggs with.

I had a friend turn me onto his anti cold/flu remedy some 15 years ago. I have only had one cold and never a flu since.

At the first hint of cold or flu symptoms, or even if I have been around some sick people,
I take a couple cayenne caps at start and end of day along with 25mgs of zinc twice a day.

I just have this hunch...
(some scientist will flame me I know)
that zinc is to humans and vitamin C, what magnesium is for plants and the assimilation of nitrogen (?)

But doing the zinc and cayenne... I virtually never get sick from a common cold.

Looks like I'll be eating a lot more turmeric in the future.
TY everybody for all the great info.
Ghost

climber
A long way from where I started
Jan 25, 2008 - 01:14am PT
that zinc is to humans and vitamin C, what magnesium is for plants and the assimilation of nitrogen (?)

Dunno about that, but it's very clearly important in wound healing.

D

Turmeric edit: we get ours from actual turmeric roots (okay, rhizomes). Grated into curries etc.
matisse

climber
Jan 25, 2008 - 02:25am PT
"(some scientist will flame me I know)"
not this one, I never argue with success.

It has not been proven for colds, but what may work for one person may not work for another, not too much down side to finding out if it works for you.

Interesting stuff on zinc and macular degeneration:
http://www.nih.gov/news/pr/oct2001/nei-12.htm

and for colds and flu some really interesting stuff on a ginseng mixture marketed under the name "Cold Fx", some real studies appear to back this one up.

the same cannot be said of "Airborne". (as an aside, why advertising that something was developed by a elementary school teacher is used as a marketing tool is beyond me.)
ToeJamCheeseHog

climber
Jan 25, 2008 - 02:55am PT
If you take tumeric with sugar and vinegar, you might grow a gherkin.
Krack Addict

climber
Murrieta, Ca
Jan 25, 2008 - 10:48am PT
If you are looking to shift your lifestyle and stop being a dumping ground for synthetic chemicals and "FDA approved drugs" Go see your local chiropractor and get valid and educated information. Yes there are some out there not as good as others, so shop around and find the right one for you. I suggest using a good vitamin like lifepak nano (pharmanex). You can also find a doc in your area that will be able to measure anti-oxidant levels in your system and give you objective findings for improving your body's natural ability to fight off any threats. Creating a strong healthy body is the best defense against disease. The public's paradigm is hopefully shifting from sickcare to real healthcare. You go see a dentist for regular checkups, not just when your teeth hurt.
nature

climber
Santa Fe, NM
Jan 25, 2008 - 11:01am PT
My supplements include:
Cayenne, Turmeric, Spirulina, MSM/Gluc/Chondroitin, plus a tincture of Horsetail, Turmeric and Devils claw. AFter enough raw foods cleanses that really tuned me into nutritional values of food as well as what certain foods do to me so I don't worry about other supplements (vitamin's). I had to cut down on tofu as it was rocking me pretty hard (plus my man-boobs were growing and I got a brozier for xmas one year). And if you really want to do your liver and gal bladder a favor just remember there is more than one way to "take" your coffee.
DrCrankenstein

Social climber
too many places, actually
Jan 25, 2008 - 11:52am PT
I don't think I saw this mentioned...
I have found that the BEST product for inflammation related issues is Zyflamend http://www.new-chapter.com. Check it out, its THE SH#T! I noticed very quick acting results. Basically, most of its ingredients have been discussed here...5 grams MSM per day is a good combo...Also doing a cleanse is another good step to kick it all off!

Good Luck!
TGT

Social climber
So Cal
Jan 26, 2011 - 11:13am PT
OK,

it's been a few years now is anyone still using turmeric as an anti-inflammatory?

What were the results.




(mr. old and arthritic)
hossjulia

Social climber
Eastside
Jan 26, 2011 - 11:29am PT
Turmeric is not the only plant based anti inflammatory. I take devils claw and yucca, plus use turmeric in my cooking. They all work.
I used Turmeric in a tincture with chamomile after knee surgery and it worked so well I did not need any NSAID's.

I have run out of my supplements enough times now in the past year that I have proven the effectiveness of my regime. Recent trip to the Gorge as a case in point. I forgot my supplements and was without for 48 hours. Day 3 I had to take 600mg of ibu to cut the body wide joint pain so I could climb!
48 hours back on them, no more pain, no more ibu!

NOW brands is what I use, bought through http://www.iherb.com/
Mighty Hiker

climber
Vancouver, B.C.
Jan 26, 2011 - 12:31pm PT
I'd go with Locker on these things. The traditional "medicines" such as say turmeric may well be of some benefit, but often there's no scientific double-blind study to show either way. (Those promoting them sometimes resist such studies...) No way to know the benefits, risks, proper dose, etc - even traditional tested drugs are too often simply a promotion by the drug companies. Although at least with them, you know what you're getting. So the less taken, of anything, the better. And a good balanced diet and lifestyle often go a long way. But if you have any real problems, see a real doctor for advice and treatment. Sure, talk with a traditional "doctor" also, but be even more cautious about whatever advice is given.

Those promoting traditional "medicines", often from south or east Asia, may have a vested interest in promoting them, like big pharma. And no, such cultures and practices aren't necessarily ancient or time-tested. The cultures in the Indus Valley were much later and almost certainly derivative of those from the Fertile Crescent, and those in China were later and at least in part derivative. Old doesn't necessarily mean better anyway. Notably, people in say China or India don't live as long as those in North America, although it has much more to do with traditional things such as infant and maternal health care, clean water, sewage disposal, vaccinations, nutrition, and decent basic health care than anything else.
hossjulia

Social climber
Eastside
Jan 26, 2011 - 12:43pm PT
Uhm, most Dr.s know nothing about nutrition and health. They prescribe drugs the drug companies tell them to. It ain't called 'practicing' medicine for no reason. They are practicing on YOU!
What eKat said, Dare to make your own health care decisions, do your own research and heal thyself! There are herbal alternatives to MOST (not all) synthetic drugs.

How many of you have Dr.s that ask you about your diet and lifestyle before they prescribe drugs? How many tell you to make some changes to your lifestyle BEFORE they try a drug? I know they are out there, had one myself, but they sure seem to be a rare breed anymore.
lostinshanghai

Social climber
someplace
Jan 26, 2011 - 01:02pm PT
Mosquito and spiders bites,

Fresh [root, size of a finger] works the best, if have powder mix into paste, put on infected area and bite/red area gone in a couple of minutes.

Depending on the spider though and which country Australia, Brazil has some nasty ones and as for the US Brown Recluse which are usually found in Texas but have known to be found in CA not sure it will work on, same for Black Widow not sure either.

But for those mosquito’s that are known to carry small children away in Tuolumne Meadows works well.
pk_davidson

Trad climber
Albuquerque, NM
Jan 28, 2011 - 03:17pm PT
"Uhm, most Dr.s know nothing about nutrition and health"

Oh BS

The more appropriate statement is most patients don't know how to find an MD appropriate to their needs.

More and more MDs are being trained and looking for training in holistic medicine. If you don't know one, find one. They're everywhere.

Ke-rist, UofA even has fellowship in holistic medicine
http://integrativemedicine.arizona.edu/
a clinic in same, there are textbooks on the subject...

Weil's website has lots of advice on diet, etc:
http://www.drweil.com/

Even podunk Albuquerque has it's own center:
http://unmmg.org/cfl/
matisse

climber
Jan 28, 2011 - 03:41pm PT
The traditional "medicines" such as say turmeric may well be of some benefit, but often there's no scientific double-blind study to show either way.

I reiterate pubmed is your friend:
one example (search curcumin not turmeric)
Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2010 Feb;18(2):141-9. Epub 2009 Oct 8.
Biological actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes.
Henrotin Y, Clutterbuck AL, Allaway D, Lodwig EM, Harris P, Mathy-Hartert M, Shakibaei M, Mobasheri A.


Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Curcumin (diferuloylmethane) is the principal biochemical component of the spice turmeric and has been shown to possess potent anti-catabolic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, properties. This article aims to provide a summary of the actions of curcumin on articular chondrocytes from the available literature with the use of a text-mining tool. We highlight both the potential benefits and drawbacks of using this chemopreventive agent for treating osteoarthritis (OA). We also explore the recent literature on the molecular mechanisms of curcumin mediated alterations in gene expression mediated via activator protein 1 (AP-1)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling in chondrocytes, osteoblasts and synovial fibroblasts.
METHODS: A computer-aided search of the PubMed/Medline database aided by a text-mining tool to interrogate the ResNet Mammalian database 6.0.
RESULTS: Recent work has shown that curcumin protects human chondrocytes from the catabolic actions of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) including matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 up-regulation, inhibition of collagen type II and down-regulation of beta1-integrin expression. Curcumin blocks IL-1beta-induced proteoglycan degradation, AP-1/NF-kappaB signalling, chondrocyte apoptosis and activation of caspase-3.
CONCLUSIONS: The available data from published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. Nevertheless, before initiating extensive clinical trials, more basic research is required to improve its solubility, absorption and bioavailability and gain additional information about its safety and efficacy in different species. Once these obstacles have been overcome, curcumin and structurally related biochemicals may become safer and more suitable nutraceutical alternatives to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs that are currently used for the treatment of OA.

worth having a read of what is in Pub Med.
Mighty Hiker

climber
Vancouver, B.C.
Jan 28, 2011 - 04:37pm PT
CONCLUSIONS: The available data from published in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that curcumin may be a beneficial complementary treatment for OA in humans and companion animals. Nevertheless, before initiating extensive clinical trials, more basic research is required to improve its solubility, absorption and bioavailability and gain additional information about its safety and efficacy in different species.

I like turmeric, and other spices. It seems unlikely that in moderation they do any harm, and they might do some good. It seems that the jury is still out.
stevep

Boulder climber
Salt Lake, UT
Jan 28, 2011 - 04:55pm PT
Another reason to beware random advice about holistic medicine on the internet is that quite a few holistic medicines have interaction issues. Interactions with prescription drugs and interactions with other holistic meds. And they may have contraindications (i.e. don't take them if you have a certain condition). Just because its natural, doesn't mean its harmless. Not saying this applies to tumeric, but something to be aware of generally. And I would trust many MDs as far as I would chiropractors.

As far as yellow spices go, I'm more a fan of saffron :-)
TrundleBum

Trad climber
Las Vegas
Topic Author's Reply - Jan 28, 2011 - 05:04pm PT
Thanks for all the feed back folks.

I have been pretty good about regularly taking MSN, Glucosamine(with chondroitin) and Turmeric. I don't take Yucca regularly, only when I have obvious connective tissue inflammation.

I agree with you all on many points:
Locker - Older/elderly people's systems need 'easing into..."
And yes the eb is boon and bane for info/mis info.
But this is a pretty educated (if not ultimately opinionated) and eclectic crowd here. So you usually get a nice well rounded spectrum of info.

Julia:
Thanks for your 'first hand' share.

Ekat:
At this point I am with you !

A conversation with Werner was the tipping point for me re: Turmeric.

maldaly

Trad climber
Boulder, CO
Jan 28, 2011 - 05:52pm PT
Brassnuts turned me on to Turmeric a few months ago and it's changed my life. I have super bad inflammatory arthritis in my left ankle due to frostbite. It was bad enough so that if I hiked for a few hours or went wade-fishing, ankle pain would put me down for 36 hours. My usual breakfast of champions--a bowl of Advil and milk--didn't even put a dent in it. Aleve and Tylenol were similarly impotent.

A 1-mil squirt after exercise and then another in the morning and I'd never have any problem. That's right, I use a tincture because it's lots cheaper than the capsules an it seems to work great. I get mine from Sprouts market. They have a house brand which is rated "food grade" whatever that means.

Mal
Ghost

climber
A long way from where I started
Jan 28, 2011 - 07:04pm PT
Uhm, most Dr.s know nothing about nutrition and health.

Uhm, some Dr.s know nothing about nutrition and health. Some actually know a lot about it. Most are probably somewhere in between. Like someone said upthread, the trick is finding one that does.

Also, given that turmeric has been consumed in large quantities as a food ingredient in Asia for twenty zillion person years, it's pretty unlikely that it would have any startling and unknown side effects. So scaremongering about "traditional medicines from south or east Asia" as a way to argue that turmeric is somehow unknown and possibly even harmful is just plain silly.
Mighty Hiker

climber
Vancouver, B.C.
Jan 28, 2011 - 07:15pm PT
Not scaremongering - skeptical. The stuff may not be harmful, although it's probably never been scientifically assessed from that perspective. That doesn't mean it does any good. Nor do anecdotes prove anything.

If the so-called traditional medicines were as effective as claimed - usually with little if any proof beyond belief - all SuperTopo males would be eating tigers' penis, and on and on. Mostly superstitious nonsense, even if it isn't harmful.

Speaking of which, tigers are highly endangered in most places due to encroachment on their habitat, and to poaching - the latter mostly for the traditional east Asian 'medicines'. Luckily most of the tiger penis on the market is fake, but when Viagra came out, they started cutting it into the 'medicine', so that it started working, and demand went up. Tough for the tigers, of course.
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