summary of Half Ropes vs. One Rope + Tag Line/Pull Cord

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Kimballistic

Trad climber
San Jose, CA
Topic Author's Original Post - Jul 10, 2014 - 06:15pm PT
Anyone care to add to this or argue with it?

I'm trying to decide which system to use and I've had a tough time finding quality information on the net.

The bottom line is I want a safe way to have a full-length rappel without carrying two full-size ropes. I've done that before, and it sucks.

Half Rope Pros:
-Redundant ropes while climbing
-Less rope drag while leading routes that meander/traverse
-Have the option of better protecting your follower after traverses
-Falls potentially generate more stretch, leading to a softer catch and less forces on gear (when used as halves, not twins)
-If alternating clips, less fall potential while clipping (pulling up one rope to clip does not increase slack on the other rope that is in your last piece)
-Very standard rappel setup
-Safe EDK with same diameter ropes
-Can more confidently re-lead or ascend stuck rappel ropes (yikes)
-A faster emergency bale is possible: tying both ropes together and fixing one end in order to rap to ground that would otherwise be two raps away (requires self-rescue skills to rap past the knot)
-Enables parties of 3

Half Rope Cons:
-Heavier
-Individual half ropes stretch more than a single rope, so it’s more possible to deck depending on the route and what pro is clipped so far
-smaller diameter = faster wear
-potentially much more complicated leading
-potentially much more complicated belaying
-The ropes interfere more with your footwork on splitter cracks
-Difficult rope management (not even sure how: can they be flaked together, or do you need two separate piles? Hanging belays would be a bitch)

Single Rope + Tag Line Pros:
-Simpler leading
-Simpler belaying as the leader
-Simpler belaying as the follower
-Simpler rope management in general
-Lighter weight

Single Rope + Tag Line Cons:
-More rope drag while leading meandering routes
-Small diameter tag/pull cord tangles easily (many describe as “rats nest”), wears quickly, and can be painful to pull on with bare hands
-EDK not as trustworthy with a large difference in rope diameters, so you must tie a backup on the pull line to prevent slippage through EDK, therefore giving you more knots to potentially get stuck while pulling ropes.
-While rappelling, danger of EDK pulling through rap station, causing the knot to creep downward due to uneven friction at ATC on tag & lead lines. This results in very uneven rope end locations (must ALWAYS knot both ends) and/or worse case scenario, the tag line zipping through the ATC causing a total failure of the system. One death reported in forums due to this happening.
-More potential for stuck rope if using a carabiner as backup at rappel station. But then again, the partner not on rappel can tie off pull cord, either at the rap station or at the base of the rappel, possibly eliminating the need for a backup carabiner.
-Must always pull tag line first, so multiple rappels are slower as you have to pull ALL the rope down before you thread the next rap rings
NutAgain!

Trad climber
South Pasadena, CA
Jul 10, 2014 - 06:18pm PT
LMBTFTSYGD*

But if you accept that and still wish to proceed, my preference is for double ropes in the 8-9mm range. Several times having a second real rope has saved me from a nasty predicament.


















* Let Me Be The First To Say Yer Gunna Die
Rock!...oopsie.

Trad climber
the pitch above you
Jul 10, 2014 - 06:27pm PT
-Difficult rope management (not even sure how: can they be flaked together, or do you need two separate piles? Hanging belays would be a bitch)

This one is easy. While flaking, keep a finger between the ropes to eliminate twists. Otherwise flake as if it's a single rope. Been doin this for years and it's definitely the least clusterfrigging way to deal with doubles.

Do the same at hanging belays but lay the ropes in coils over a sling or your leg or whatever just like you would a single.

Only time I separate them and treat them like separate ropes is for setting up my initial rap... throwing the whole cluster is a bad idea.
Kimballistic

Trad climber
San Jose, CA
Topic Author's Reply - Jul 10, 2014 - 06:27pm PT
Thanks NutAgain, that's what I'm leaning towards myself.

Got any pointers to resources on using half ropes? Clipping strategy, pitfalls, how to belay, etc. Sure seems non-existent out there.
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 10, 2014 - 06:52pm PT
Not to complicate matters but if full-length rappels is the only issue, then why not twin ropes?

Half ropes have more advantages than you mentioned when used by skilled practitioners. And that brings up a disadvantage: there is a learning curve not only for leaders, but also for belayers.

You could navigate over to ukclimbing.com for information on half ropes. The environment is generally more knowledgeable and also less hostile to the concept. Murcans like their single lines and say if it ain't broke don't fix it. The Brits have been using double ropes regularly for at least half a century.

You could start with http://www.ukclimbing.com/articles/page.php?id=2737, but it is pretty basic.

ruppell

climber
Jul 10, 2014 - 07:21pm PT
rgold,

Are you saying I'm un-merican because I use doubles? Well actually I just use both of them for trad. On sport I'm happy to whip on just one of them. lol
Clint Cummins

Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
Jul 10, 2014 - 07:48pm PT
Several of the disadvantages you listed for Single Rope + Tag Line can be avoided,
by threading the Tag Line through the anchors, which is what I do.
If your concern is losing control of the Tag Line while rappelling,
improve your friction setup.

Here is what I like to use:
 Single lead line (9.2 to 9.5mm x 60m)
 Tag line (8.1mm x 60m Twin)

Rap sequence:
 Tag line threaded through anchors
 Knot is either:
- rewoven Figure Eight, tight, with minimal rope ends (my favorite)
- EDK with no backup knots (my partner Bob's favorite)
 no knots in rope ends (except maybe if it's dark, very steep,
and I'm not sure where the next station is. However, I often have
ascenders with me these days since we usually work on new routes,
and they are the ultimate Plan B).
 ATC
 wrap rope around thigh if it's very steep or if I have a heavy weight
 one partner pulls down lead rope (it is easier to grasp, the tag line is lighter
to lift up through the upper anchor, and the tag line is narrower so
slightly less likely to get stuck in cracks and possibly easier to
control/direct on final pull)
 other partner inspects the rising tag line for knots
 when tag line is just about to start pulling itself through upper
anchor due to rope weight, give a hard outward pull. The goal is ideally
that the rope goes through the air, and does not touch the rock on the way down.
 when the knot reaches the lower station, tie off each side separately
to the lower station. At this point, one partner unties the knot,
threads the tag line in the new station, and reties the knot, while
the other partner finishes pulling down the rope.

P.S. I have led on a single Twin - did entire Snowpatch Spire on it,
when our lead line got stuck rapping off of South Howser on previous climb.
I have also soloed in the past... :-)
Kimballistic

Trad climber
San Jose, CA
Topic Author's Reply - Jul 10, 2014 - 07:51pm PT
Not to complicate matters but if full-length rappels is the only issue, then why not twin ropes?

True twins that aren't rated as halves (if such a thing exists) would not be confidence inspiring enough for me. If I'm going to carry two real ropes then I want to be able to lead on only one in an emergency situation.

And: thank you for the link! I'll start looking at UK stuff.
JonA

Trad climber
Flagstaff, AZ
Jul 10, 2014 - 08:00pm PT
+1 what Clint says

I've never actually met anyone who uses half ropes outside of the Gunks although I know they are highly recommended by the internet crowd. Most of the multipitch I climb is in Yosemite, Squamish, and the desert.
Kimballistic

Trad climber
San Jose, CA
Topic Author's Reply - Jul 10, 2014 - 08:48pm PT
Here is what I like to use:
Single lead line (9.2 to 9.5mm x 60m)
Tag line (8.1mm x 60m Twin)

Clint, do you lead with the tag line attached to your harness's haul loop, or is it stuffed in your follower's pack?

And interestingly enough, that is potentially as heavy or heavier than two half ropes. Not saying you're using this system for the weight savings, but it's something to consider.

Mammut's 8.5 Genesis half ropes are spec'd at 48 grams/meter. Do the math and two of them at 60m add up to 12.7 lbs.

Mammut's 9.5 Infinity comes in at 58 g/m and their 8.0 phoenix twin at 42 g/m, resulting in a total system weight of 13.23 lbs.

Interesting, eh?

Anyone use 60 meters of static cord, like Sterling's tag lines? If so, what do you do differently?
Clint Cummins

Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
Jul 10, 2014 - 09:27pm PT
do you lead with the tag line attached to your harness's haul loop, or is it stuffed in your follower's pack?
It varies. The leader trails it if:
 the pitch is easy
 they might want to haul up some gear (i.e. bolt kit or more bolts)
or
 there is no ledge to stack it on
Otherwise, the follower usually trails it. Usually it's not in the pack.

If the leader is not trailing the tag line, then the rope weight is less
than 2 half ropes, even for the 9.5mm lead line.
What about for 9.2mm - are half ropes still lighter?
If the leader is trailing the tag line, then the slightly higher rope weight probably doesn't matter much.
Jugging is nicer on a single rope than on a half rope.

The type of climbing I'm doing is probably not typical.

Note: when I do Royal Arches (or East Buttress of Middle), I take one rope.
For Serenity/Sons I take 2. The follower trails it on some of the pitches.

I think the modularity decides it for most people.
Since short climbs are usually best done with a single,
people will have a single. They can then add a tag line if they
need to do full length rappels.
Whereas doubles/twins are usually only good for multipitch with full length raps.
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 10, 2014 - 10:45pm PT
Are you saying I'm un-merican because I use doubles?

Sort of...you're certainly in a minority...of which I'm also a member, having climbed almost exclusively with half ropes for the past twenty-five years or so.

Since short climbs are usually best done with a single, people will have a single. They can then add a tag line if they
need to do full length rappels. Whereas doubles/twins are usually only good for multipitch with full length raps.

This is going to be big news in the UK, where they regularly use double ropes for 20m routes that they easily walk off.

phylp

Trad climber
Millbrae, CA
Jul 10, 2014 - 10:47pm PT
I like the single rope plus 1/2 rope combo. Really makes rope management so much easier. Just one opinion.
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 10, 2014 - 11:18pm PT
Mammut's 9.5 Infinity comes in at 58 g/m and their 8.0 phoenix twin at 42 g/m, resulting in a total system weight of 13.23 lbs.

The Phoenix is a half rope---a bunch of folks I know use it that way. The pair weighs 11 lbs.
Clint Cummins

Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
Jul 10, 2014 - 11:35pm PT
Whereas doubles/twins are usually only good for multipitch with full length raps.
"usually" = US except Gunks
"unusually" = UK and Gunks
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 11, 2014 - 12:10am PT
Yes, US granite is often not a place where double ropes have much of an advantage, although all it takes is a pair of widely separated parallel cracks that the route switches back and forth between or even close together parallel cracks with a rib between them or cracks behind a pair of parallel flakes lying on the main face causing lifting problems for a single rope running up between them or...

I'd much rather have doubles for this...


Well, bolted routes. No use for half ropes on them anyway.


Nor on sandstone generally


Double ropes would have been better here, no?


and here?

Jay Wood

Trad climber
Land of God-less fools
Jul 11, 2014 - 12:31am PT
I use the single/ twin like Clint.

 You only need the rap line part of the time
 Dynamic twin has similar stretch the the single, so knot creep is not a big issue
 (in my case) 7.8mm line is only used for rapping, so wear is minimal
 EDK w/ different diameters not a problem
 Dynamic twin can be doubled to lead in emergency- can be packed or trailed
 Less expensive to replace single than 1/2 ropes
 Skinny rope doesn't tangle excessively- on multiple raps you alternate anyway. Easier on the hands to pull the fatter cord, but better to pull the twin if there's risk of hang ups
 I pull smoothly and slowly- jerking can put twists or knots in the rope that can hang up
 Not great for two followers- use two singles in that case
 somewhat less friction through the rap device- alert partners
 People who use doubles are odd- some of them even wear 'Da Brim'
tradmanclimbs

Ice climber
Pomfert VT
Jul 11, 2014 - 03:20am PT
To simplify things.
Half Rope pros.
Cut rope protection.
Full length raps.
Possible jugging and good leading potentual with both ropes in an epic.
lots of rope to use in a self rescue.
Good easy equalizeing sketchy pro.
less drag on wandering routes.
good protection of 2nd on traverses.

Half rope Cons.
Lots of rope to carry arround.
rope management can be a total PAINTA at worst and at best is simply more work.
belayer needs serious rope management skills to be anything other than a hinderence.
Even a highly experience belayer can give a better belay with a single than doubbles in most situations.
Completly gets in the way of footwork climbng splitters.
dificult to hoist injured or struggeling 2nd.
Longer falls due to rope stretch.

Single rope pros.
fast, easy, light,fun, minimalistic.
easy to hoist injured or incompetent 2nd w/ hauling system.

Single rope cons.
if it cuts you die.
if you epic your screwed.

Single + Tag pros
fast easy climbing and belaying .
Easy to haul up gear/drill,etc when FAing.

Single + tag cons.
leader has no cut protection.
must carry extra rope that is not being used untill the decent.
if trailing tag it is much more likly to snag than if it is running through the protection.
Tag is often not thick enough for efective jugging or leading in an epic.
hard to pull skinny tag.
relying on the knott not slipping through the anchor is absolutly effin crazy! people have died this way!


I much prefer doubbles/halfs for most big multi pitch. If I have to carry an extra rope I might as well be useing it rather than just carrying it.

I much prefer single for almost all climbs that can be rapped easily with a single.

anyone who actually believes they need 400ft of rope to climb a 20ft climb is Not the person you should listen to for ANY how to rock climb advice.
willworkforfoodjnr

Trad climber
Huddersfield, England
Jul 11, 2014 - 04:05am PT
I'm British and over here beginners will learn to belay with doubles right about the same moment they start to belay trad outdoors, so early! After 15 years of belaying on them I can't say I find it any more difficult than on a single, so its worth busting through the learning curve.

For rope stacking, go 2 piles on the floor, and then flake them as one at each further belay. If you're leading through there is no need for cordlettes etc, just stick 2 solid pieces in, clove each rope to a piece, done.

Unless you are climbing a splitter crack then you will always finish a pitch with less ropedrag on doubles.

Two seconds is easier on doubles, and can be done with a guide plate simultaneously. Theres a sneaky technique for switching leaders in this situation too if anyone is interested.

Abing (sorry, rapping ;) ) is loads easier too - EDK, through anchor, ab, repeat.

I'll generally use doubles by default on trad or multipitch sport (often clipping twin style) EXCEPT in these circumstances:
 We expect to need to jug, its infinitely easier with a jumar on a single rather than prussik on the double.
 We plan on simul-climbing, there ends up a good bulk of rope wrapped round you. Not an issue on easy scrambly ground though.
 We're going to be working a pitch on multipitch sport and we want to use a grigri/eddy
Blakey

Trad climber
Sierra Vista
Jul 11, 2014 - 05:37am PT
http://www.ukclimbing.com/gear/review.php?id=3765

There are plenty of skinny triple rated ropes around. I don't understand this magic, but then nor do I understand my car engine anymore.

Of all the options the skinny single and even skinnier tag line was for me the most cumbersome and prone to clusterf**ck.

My Edelrid twin/half is what I use for trad.

Steve
NutAgain!

Trad climber
South Pasadena, CA
Jul 11, 2014 - 08:30am PT
Community service announcement for folks relying on this thread as the main source of info before giving it a try:

1. That would be a bad idea... Do your homework so you die later rather than sooner
2. You can clip separately as doubles, or together as twins, but avoid mixing it on the same pitch. In other words, clip together always or never on the same pitch. The idea is to avoid rope sliding against itself and melting/weakening if you fall. Switching styles in the same pitch makes the different pieces of rope travel different distances in a fall, which causes them to slide against each other.

And skinny ropes do slide through ATC belay devices faster. The leg wrap thing is important for adding friction on free hanging raps. Newer ATCs have a V-notch that increases friction on the skinny ropes, so be especially careful if using an old-style ATC with no V-notch where the rope goes.
AP

Trad climber
Calgary
Jul 11, 2014 - 08:45am PT
If a route wanders a lot then half ropes are the way to go, same goes for climbing as a party of 3. Watch out when rapping on 8.6's, especially if they are icy.
ionlyski

Trad climber
Kalispell, Montana
Jul 11, 2014 - 09:11am PT
Sincere question I've been pondering but knot sure I want to die.

Any logic at all in using one 80m (or 100?) single? I'm thinking of the new very light ropes they now rate for anything, half/twin/single. Are full 60 meter raps very often absolutely necessary?

Much of the rope weight is in a pile at the belay or on route.
Maybe the lightest system of all?
Never hauling a line
No knots at rappels
All other single rope advantages apply.
Could run the rope out in easy terrain or simul pitches for a long ways.

Arne
miwuksurfer

Social climber
Mi-Wuk
Jul 11, 2014 - 09:20am PT
I've never been bummed out about having extra rope for a rappel. A single 80m might be pushing it unless you knew ahead of time what you were looking at for rapping.
Tricerabottoms

climber
Tri County Fairgrounds
Jul 11, 2014 - 09:28am PT
Look into the Esprit Alpine Escape Rope.

If you go down to El Chalten, you will find this system is the standard amoung serious alpinists.....

Pros of The Esprit:
Super light 6mm rope
It is amazingly stiff, so it wont rap around flakes etc.
It comes dry treated and they will cut it as long as you want.
We typically rap on it and set it up so that we pull the lead line... Super easy pulls!
HighTraverse

Trad climber
Bay Area
Jul 11, 2014 - 01:15pm PT
80 meter is definitely where it us headed
That doesn't make sense to me.
Yosemite climbs generally are 50 meters or newer climbs 60 meters per pitch.
Even counting some rope stretch, 40 meters of rope is insufficient for most multi pitch climbs I'm familiar with.
Just last month we needed 2 60 meter ropes for the first rappel and then only 1 for the second.
Please explain your reasoning.

Early on, Cliff said he threads the THIN rope through the anchor. Is that just to make it easier to pull?
What's wrong with using the thick? What's wrong with alternating rather than re-tying?
kev

climber
A pile of dirt.
Jul 11, 2014 - 01:27pm PT
Any logic at all in using one 80m (or 100?) single? I'm thinking of the new very light ropes they now rate for anything, half/twin/single. Are full 60 meter raps very often absolutely necessary?

But you'd still need a tag line to send up the drill kit, beer, etc. Guess this doesn't apply to most though.

Also +1 on what Clint said.
'Pass the Pitons' Pete

Big Wall climber
like Ontario, Canada, eh?
Jul 11, 2014 - 02:54pm PT
HELP!

Would someone who honestly truly KNOWS what he is talking about, please answer this question, because it appears to me that some of you guys are using half/twin/double as synonyms, when they most assuredly are KNOTT.

Please define half, twin and double ropes.

1) If you are using ultra-skinny mountaineering ropes, you must clip BOTH ropes through EVERY piece of pro for the entire pitch, and if you fall, you fall on both ropes.

2) If you are using not-so-skinny ropes - like the trad Brits or the Gunks cognoscenti - then you can run the ropes separately to minimize rope drag, and fall onto either rope independently.

If I were guessing, I would say 1) = half, twin and 2) = double

But I repeat, it appears in many of the posts above, these three terms are being used synonymously!

[I know, I should know this, since I always used to climb on doubles BITD when I free climbed]

For walls, always a single lead rope plus a tag line of a mountaineering half-rope, to tag up gear and haul lines.
ionlyski

Trad climber
Kalispell, Montana
Jul 11, 2014 - 03:15pm PT
Pete,
You are absolutely correct, there is some confusion above and probably always will be. Perhaps this is why we're seeing a trend at the manufacturers level of erasing or blurring those lines by making ropes which are rated as singles/doubles/twins/halfs

I always forget which of those is the same thing doubles=twin? doubles=halves? or twins=halves?
But that's terminology and not the scope of this discussion.

So High Traverse, what about 100's? or 120's? At 9.2mm or whatever they're making now. Point is, the system is essentially the same, it's just that it's one line, not two.

Arne
Clint Cummins

Trad climber
SF Bay area, CA
Jul 11, 2014 - 03:43pm PT
Pete,

> 1) If you are using ultra-skinny mountaineering ropes, you must clip BOTH ropes through EVERY piece of pro for the entire pitch, and if you fall, you fall on both ropes.

> 2) If you are using not-so-skinny ropes - like the trad Brits or the Gunks cognoscenti - then you can run the ropes separately to minimize rope drag, and fall onto either rope independently.

1) = twin
2) = half

double = vague!
Lanthade

climber
Jul 11, 2014 - 04:21pm PT
1:) twin
2:) half/double

Half and double are interchangeable. Can't make this easy.
micronut

Trad climber
Fresno/Clovis, ca
Jul 11, 2014 - 06:07pm PT
I remember it as "Twins are always together." Like siblings.

And "I clip HALF my pro to this one and HALF my pro to that one."
tradmanclimbs

Ice climber
Pomfert VT
Jul 11, 2014 - 09:25pm PT
and i do not care how experienced or good you are belaying with half ropes if you are equally experienced belaying with a single 90% of the time you will be able to give a better belay to a climber at their limit with a single than a half. that being said I use half ropes a lot but i am well aware that they are not always the best choice.
NutAgain!

Trad climber
South Pasadena, CA
Jul 12, 2014 - 10:35am PT
In terms of rope length, I think the decision should be based on these factors about how you climb and where you climb:

1) If you like wandering bushy trad adventures, go shorter ropes. Longer and they get stuck or high rope drag, and you can't communicate with your partner to identify the clusterfvck.

2) If you climb endless crack or slab systems that span multiple pitches, and you're fine with running it way out or bringing lots of pro so you don't run out, maybe you save time on switch-overs using the longer (80m) ropes.

3) how are belay stations set up at the places you are most likely to climb? No point in 80m ropes if you are doing 50-60m raps or skipping every other rap station on a route rigged for rapping from a single 50 or 60m rope.

Some cliffs 80m will never catch on because of #1, but it may already be standard on some cliffs.
Chiloe

Trad climber
Lee, NH
Jul 12, 2014 - 11:12am PT
Leslie and I are really sold on our 7.8 half/twins (Sterling photon) for going anywhere that takes two ropes to get down. At our standards that just means long moderate trad routes, not projects or walls.

One plus for having two belay ropes is they feel a tiny bit safer when you're around edges or dodgy rock, which somehow we find lots of. Our alternative long-climb systems are 9.2 or 9.4mm singles, which give the opposite feeling.



But the single ropes weigh less. Here are my reckonings for what's currently in the closet, based on the manufacturer's grams/meter.

2 x 60m x 7.8mm twin/half ropes, 10.8 lbs
1 x 60m x 9.2mm single, 7 lbs
1 x 70m x 9.4mm single, 8.8 lbs
1 x 60m x 9.8mm single, 8.2 lbs
D'Wolf

climber
Jul 12, 2014 - 06:05pm PT
Your concerns about the single rope + tag line are somewhat unfounded if you use the system correctly. Your description of its use is not correct, and the death you refer to did not happen as a result of the tag line zipping through the ATC. The death referred to was a friend of mine and he and his partner were using the system incorrectly (with no carabiner backup).

Search the web and you will find numerous photos of the system being setup incorrectly. The tag line should never bear weight; it is only used for retrieving the rap line.



Edit: by the way, the first illustration was posted in Climbing Magazine...
RyanD

climber
Squamish
Jul 12, 2014 - 06:37pm PT
I don't use doubles anymore. Sucks having to carry two grigris around.
JonA

Trad climber
Flagstaff, AZ
Jul 12, 2014 - 09:11pm PT
How Clint describes using a tag line is how every climber I've ever met uses a tag line. The biner block thing posted above looks like it would get stuck on a rap down a featureless slab, yet I see it recommended online all the time. Weird.
D'Wolf

climber
Jul 12, 2014 - 11:18pm PT
Clint's system is not a Reepschnur, which is what the OP described. Clint's system is simply a double-rope rappel using two different sized ropes (9.2 - 9.5mm and an 8.1mm). The Reepschnur typically will use something like a 6mm for the tag to save even more weight and result in a single-rope rappel off the lead line. Used quite a bit by alpine guides.
Melissa

Gym climber
berkeley, ca
Jul 13, 2014 - 12:16am PT
I never want to have to lead on 7mm static perlon because my rap hung up before any real rope made it back to me.
Chiloe

Trad climber
Lee, NH
Jul 13, 2014 - 07:00am PT
There are horses for courses, and that surely applies to rope choices as well. The reepschnur system no doubt works great on some routes but could be a nightmare on others -- looks a lot more likely to hang up or pull rocks down on ledgy terrain, for instance.

I prefaced my comment upthread by mentioning one kind of routes I do, where a half/twin and EDK system seems flexible and efficient. Tag line systems solve a different set of problems that could be crucial on other routes -- there's no general "best."
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 13, 2014 - 09:50am PT
How Clint describes using a tag line is how every climber I've ever met uses a tag line. The biner block thing posted above looks like it would get stuck on a rap down a featureless slab, yet I see it recommended online all the time. Weird.

Not weird---a different situation. Clint uses a tag line that is still thick enough to include as one of the two rappel strands. But some folks use a much thinner rope (the reepschnur), maybe a 5.5mm static line. In this system, the rappel is on a single strand, the main climbing rope and the tag line is only used to pull down the main rope.

The classical reepschnur system depends on the knot joining the the reepschnur and the main line jamming in the rings, and this has been the source of fatal accidents when the knot pulls through. In another thread, Clint posted a picture illustrating that seven out of ten Yosemite rap anchors with rings would allow such a knot to pass through, in some cases with difficulty, if the main rope is in the 9mm category.

In order to make such rappels safe, climbers and canyoneers add the loop and carabiner combinations posted by D'Wolf above. But with the rap rings one finds on routes, these methods still have the problem that the knot ends up jamming in the rings. It doesn't pull through, but it gets stuck and makes the pulldown much harder and maybe impossible. The simple solution is to change the position of the carabiner, attaching it with a clove hitch, so that the blocking action is accomplished by the carabiner, which of course is not going to wedge in the rings. The Fish site has a picture of the "correct" set-up

except that I think most climbers would want a locking carabiner for this particular blocking function.

As for whether this system is prone to hanging up, it is hard to say, but the evidence I know suggests no. Systems with an installed carabiner like this are used not only for reepschnur rappels but also for people who want to rappel with their Grigris, so they get used a fair amount. I've never heard of any particular hanging problems attributed to the carabiner, and the fact that the carabiner is guided down by the main strand probably means it will stay out of trouble.

A more realistic source of concern is that the carabiner will add friction to the rappel pull, which is already hampered by having to tug on a very thin line.
Melissa

Gym climber
berkeley, ca
Jul 13, 2014 - 10:04am PT
^^^...and leaves you many pitches up with no lead line in your control.

It's like the show "I Shouldn't Be Alive" every time the subject ditches an essential supply to lighten their load, and I'm like, "Noooooo..." 'cause like my favorite comedian Mike Birbiglia says, "I'm in the future too."

Good trick when one of the ropes has shots, rapping on a gri gri (with some useable rope in hand), or unforeseen pickles though.
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 13, 2014 - 10:43am PT
^^^...and leaves you many pitches up with no lead line in your control.

Hey, don't get me wrong, I've continually argued that the reepschnur method is an inferior option. All I was doing above was (I hope) helping to straighten out how best to do it.
Melissa

Gym climber
berkeley, ca
Jul 13, 2014 - 11:01am PT
I thought your post great! Just tacking onto it my own #1 reason to avoid it if possible/banging that drum.
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 15, 2014 - 10:13am PT
To cycle back to my post on some of the advantages of half ropes, there are significant advantages which often seem not to make the laundry lists.
Here is an example illustrating the potential utility of half ropes on granite (where everyone says you don't need them). The point is that you don't necessarily have to have horizontal strata to have occasion to place two pieces at the same level but too far apart for effective slinging. And if the gear is small, as it is on this pitch, then the ability to add to the pro is a significant safety enhancement.

What I've found is that folks who are used to single ropes may not even see placement possibilities like this, which is pretty straightforward, not to mention more complex examples, because such placement arrangements aren't practical with the single rope they are used to, and their "protection vision" has developed in accordance with the system they use all the time. The fact that half ropes can significantly expand and improve protection tends to be buried in the claims that half ropes cut down on drag, with people typically assuming that the same protection is going to be used either way and a shoulder-length sling or two will reduce the drag as well as the half ropes do.

Pete Whittaker (one of the WideBoyz) on Dreadline, E9 6c (5.11b?), Sweden. A hard move at the top comes with near-groundfall potential: the gear better not pull!

Half ropes aren't exactly a new idea: Comici in 1933 breaking some of the rules that hadn't been written yet...


Shot from Marlow post to Dolomites thread.
tb.in.sf

Trad climber
San Francisco
Jul 16, 2014 - 10:48am PT
I will weigh in on the "go half rope!" side - SJ implies Yosemite which is where they work so well.

I learned about them ~20 years ago doing trad routes in the valley with a friend who swore by them (Astroman-level climber). They're the go-to most of the time.

I'd say think through your typical climb and whether halfs would help. I am a moderate, occasional climber, almost always doing from two to Royal-Arches pitches with 2 or 3 climbers. Always trad and almost always rapping off. Most of the belays are ledges/good, rarely hanging.

Halfs are perfect for this kind of climbing. You have your full-rap rope with you, never have to carry another one. Who doesn't hate carrying a rope? Setting an equalized anchor is super-fast because most of the time you can clove hitch the ropes to your pieces and equalize through your harness. That's a huge time-saver on a long route like E.Buttress. Three minutes saved at each anchor can mean the difference between getting off in daylight. And on easier pitches, with 3, the two seconds can climb at the same time...also a big time saver.

A downside not mentioned yet is heat on a rap; you'll probably rap a bit faster than on a 10.5 or 11 and thinner ropes take more effort to regulate. I ended up carrying gloves for this, even a chunky belay device can get too hot to touch. Another downside is that the thinner rope is more prone to rope-sucking cracks. Several near-epics sorting that issue out on GPA, Royal Arches; you just need to be more careful pulling ropes on a rap.

And yes the wandering, traverse protection, etc. stuff too. And a possibly shorter fall if you fall while clipping your next piece (you don't have slack in the rope attached to your last piece, as you do when clipping a single rope). Though fall distance is longer because of higher stretch so that might balance out.

The belay isn't hard to figure out with a little practice. During lead you are taking in one while belaying in the other...it becomes second nature. Two followers can come up at the same time.

This may sound obvious but you have to buy two colors. For awhile REI sold half ropes in only one color! Up red. No, the other red.
wotan

Trad climber
Ballard
Jul 16, 2014 - 10:51am PT
I use a tag line (7mm static)that I keep it in a rope bag for tossing. carry up the tag line in small followers pack, only pull it out when rapping. use a tibloc and large biner on tag line to pull- much easier on hands. while one person pulls the other stuffs tag line in bag. back up EDK with 2nd EDK up tight. Been using this system for 7 years? and prefer it over double ropes that I used a lot in past.
Mr. Rogers

climber
The Land of Make-Believe
Jul 16, 2014 - 12:32pm PT
One issue that has not been brought up, and/or has been stated incorrectly, is the difference in impact force of a half-rope versus a single rope. In short, there is not one (or it may be worse for half-ropes).

Sure, the half-rope has a published lower impact force, but that's because it is tested differently from a single rope!

Will Gadd (with the assistance of J.Ewing from Sterling) looked into this a while back. This is one of his posts on the topic:

http://willgadd.com/single-and-half-rope-impact-forces-data/

Also, I have always been told to never clip half-ropes as twins -- that is, both ropes into the same piece of protection. This is because half-ropes are tested to catch a fall individually and are designed to stretch and absorb force as a single line. If you clip them as doubles, then you are effectively increasing the impact force and making for a harder (or even dangerous) catch.
Ernest

Trad climber
Jul 16, 2014 - 06:41pm PT
Learned to climb over here - did the single and tag line routine when 2-rope rappels were required. Then spent 3 years in the UK where half ropes are the norm on almost any trad line. Now that I'm back I climb on singles unless there's a need for a 2-rope rappel or it's a really wandering route where rope drag is a problem and then I break out the half ropes. I'll never, ever go back to a tag line....way too many advantages to half ropes.
crunch

Social climber
CO
Jul 16, 2014 - 09:19pm PT
Robert

Trad climber
San Mateo, CA
Jul 16, 2014 - 11:01pm PT
I have never understood why one would lead with a single and trail a 2nd rope for rapelling. If you have it, you might as well use it.
Never mind all the other advantages of 2 half ropes.
And all that part of 2 half ropes being more complex: it's not. I have tied in with a belayer who has never belayed with 2 half ropes many a time, and after a minute they got it.
One advantage of two half ropes that I don't think has been mentioned above:
If your second is hanging over the roof, can't get up, etc. it is much easier to aid up on 2 half ropes for the 2nd. prussik up on rope #1, while the leader pulls up the slack on #2.
To me it's about "old habits die hard". Or "Americans say aluminum, the rest of the (English) world says aluminium".
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 17, 2014 - 12:03am PT
This is a bit arcane, but if the party is using halfs or twins and the belayer is using a guide plate, then the second can ascend with no knots or gear of any sort. The basic idea is that the second ties foot loops in each strand, and then the belayer alternating takes up an unweighted foot loop while the second is weighting the other foot loop. Of course, the foot loops have to be tied, but this isn't hard. The belayer lowers one strand while blocking the other and the second ties a foot loop in that and stands on it; the process can now be repeated with the other strand.

The plate in question has to allow one strand to be taken in and paid out while the other strand is weighted. With some plates and rope combinations, this might not work.
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 17, 2014 - 01:11am PT
Edelrid is making it harder for me to heap scorn on the thin tagline. They are coming out with a 6.5mm tagline that will hold two UIAA falls. So if the fit hits the shan and your ropes hang after pulling, you can lead back up on the tagline with a reasonable expectation of not dying if you fall.

Of course, your belayer will have to have something that can be used to belay with a 6.5mm line, otherwise they won't be able to hold that fall, and you won't want to let that piece of thread run over a sharp edge anywhere. Still, you're a lot better off with this rope than with an ordinary reepschnur---if the rap hangs with that, you're just a dumb tourist stuck half way up a cliff waiting for the helicopter to winch you off.
duncan

climber
London, UK
Jul 17, 2014 - 02:12am PT
belayer needs serious rope management skills to be anything other than a hinderence.
Even a highly experience belayer can give a better belay with a single than doubbles in most situations.


Never felt this to be the case, it's no harder than using a manual gearbox versus an automatic.

...ah, I see the flaw in my arguement.
tradmanclimbs

Ice climber
Pomfert VT
Jul 17, 2014 - 02:58am PT
As I mentioned up thread any multi pitch that requires two ropes for decent and I use half ropes. I also use half twins (rated for both) ice floss for all multi pitch winter climbing. I can't see myself being comfortable on a cliff like Canon without 2 reasonably beefy ropes.
That being said climbing on a single rope is a Lot less work and hassel. This becomes evident when you get home from a road trip where you have been useing doubbles exclusivly for a week or so and you go cragging with a single. Wow this is liberating! and yes you Britts are effin neurotic bringing 120m of rope to a 20m crag. And yes I have cragged numerous times with doubbles.. Even spurt climbed at Rumny with doubbles and a helmet. talk about drawing stares! wow look at the trad bumblies wanking arround on that 50ft 5.10 with 400ft of rope and a bunch of crap hanging on the back of their harnesses.. these days I am smart enough to use a single sport climbing and cragging but I do still wear my lid;)
stefano607518

Trad climber
italy/austria/switzerland
Jul 18, 2014 - 12:17am PT
half ropes are very good in protecting the second on traversing as on rope cha be used on the traverse (clipped on pro) and the second is used (clipped on pro) just after normally slightly above to nicely protect the second.
Plus rappelling with 2 half is very easy and nice
plus in the end what you carry in term of waight is similar to the single plus a haul line or so...

you can climb as a team of 3 ;-) (very good if you are a guide.....)

redoundancy (if that matter...)

if one rope get stuck (jamming in corner crack or so...rare but it happen)
the other can be used normally up to the jamming point...else the second need to clear the rope by ascending it with a prusik or else.



here in the dolomites on clissical routes half ropes are a must/norm
sigle is somethimes used on bolted routes from where you walk off


me peronally 2x60m half ropes (thiny 8.2 or so)
light, durable and each of the climber carry one on the approach/descent

gretz fro the alps
Rustie

climber
Coeur d\\\\\\\'Alene
Jul 20, 2014 - 10:40am PT
A very learned forum. Not much to debate.
A couple of ponderings: seeing you can rap full length, it seems overkill to use 2 very long ropes for trad -- just more to carry and coil. 150 footers were good for most things and 165ft / 50m seems pretty adequate now? Usually run out of gear anyway.
Buying such a "short" rope is not easy in these enlightened times.......
It is nice to see some more beefy double ropes out there -- more like the old 9mm. Using a very thin separated rope for a long section does get a bit thought provoking.
When thinking about rapping on a thinner dynamic rope, one should maybe ponder the fate of John Harlin Senior -- that was an 8.5mm I believe.
While doubles give a nice long rap they do need care with knot management. I used to use a "side fig8" but find it less nervy to use a simple "side overhand" -- with another one on top for peace of mind. It seems to run as high and clean as ever.
it's true that the Doubles Club is a somewhat select group. Discriminating connoisseurs?
howie doin'

climber
Big Pine, CA
Jul 20, 2014 - 02:14pm PT
"What I use is..."
"Half ropes are used by [insert ethnicity or type of climber here]"
"Two skinny ropes are safer from cutting..."

There is some valid info and personal perspective on this thread, but I have not seen such a collection of anecdotal technical climbing misinformation in a very long time. There is a lot of "expert halo" going on here and I hope that people new to this and using this thread as a resource can recognize that. If you are looking at what rope systems to use: consider looking at the venue, the climbing medium (rock type/snow/ice), the nature of the climb, type of protection, coarseness and sharpness of the terrain, pendulum potential, the big picture context, the importance of weight, the importance of rope cut resistance, the competence of climbers/belayers, the options for descent and self-rescue, the weather forecast, and other considerations/contingencies. It helps to have a quiver of rope configurations for a variety of likely scenarios, then you can choose accordingly. If you can only afford to buy 1 or 2 ropes then look at your own predicted uses and try to best accommodate them. Don't trust generalized recommendations of one system over another. All of them can be most effective in specific circumstances. For example, the Reepschnur using a small diameter pull cord (or what we have called a "jammed knot" in this part of the world) can be a good option in some cases and I am glad to see that this was brought up earlier in the thread. In some cases, though it is clearly not an advisable way to go. It would be good if climbers could just all have sound reasoning for choosing to use the ropes that they do on any given day.

It sounds like it may be confusing to some that there are 3 common rope systems for free climbing: single, double, and twin. There are also 3 categories for dynamic climbing ropes: single, half, and twin. It is not recommended by the manufacturers or the UIAA to use a half rope with twin rope system for example, though as folks have pointed out, there are now ropes that are rated for multiple types of use.




rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 20, 2014 - 06:08pm PT
I have not seen such a collection of anecdotal technical climbing misinformation in a very long time.

Please give us a complete list of the misnformation in this thread so we can purge it from our collective consciousness. Except don't bother with the ongoing confusion about double, half, and twin ropes, that's just standard and hardly worth such a portentous proclamation, What else is wrong please?
rolo

climber
Jul 22, 2014 - 12:45pm PT
-Falls potentially generate more stretch, leading to a softer catch and less forces on gear (when used as halves, not twins)

the above is a common, albeit erroneous misconception
see here:

http://willgadd.com/single-and-half-rope-impact-forces-data/

may be someone had already posted this link in this thread but I did not take the time to look through the responses

recent tests by Mammut confirm what is posted on Will's page

half ropes have similar or higher impact force than single ropes (when the tests are done with equal weight of course, not the BS-good-for-nothing 55kg half-rope UIAA test)
tb.in.sf

Trad climber
San Francisco
Jul 29, 2014 - 02:09pm PT
half ropes have similar or higher impact force than single ropes (when the tests are done with equal weight of course, not the BS-good-for-nothing 55kg half-rope UIAA test)

It makes sense to test with a lower weight because of the way that half ropes catch falls - rather than being good for nothing, it highlights one of their advantages. If you're alternating your clips, and your belayer is belaying correctly, tension from both ropes will stop a typical leader fall. And it's basic physics that if you have two ropes tugging you up, the up force in each is less than if you only had one rope doing it. One way to model that in a rope test is with a lighter weight.

Not all falls will happen that way, which is why instructions about halfs (should) emphasize practices that minimize the risk of falling on just one rope. The biggest being, don't use a half rope as a single as it wasn't designed/rated to be used as one. And alternate your clips as much as possible, so fall+stretch will tension the second rope in a harder fall (not the case if you never clip #2, effectively turning it into a tag line). And the belayer should make sure the lower (last-clipped) rope doesn't have unnecessary slack in it.

Interestingly, the second rope contributes the most towards stopping a fall (exactly half) in the worst fall-factor fall, a 2.0 right off the anchor. It contributes the least (0%) in low fall-factor fall, meaning a shorter fall way up high, right after placing a piece. The falls where you end up 100% caught by one rope are, conveniently, also the ones that are less likely to load the rope to its limits.
tradmanclimbs

Ice climber
Pomfert VT
Jul 29, 2014 - 04:07pm PT
Actually I have to go with the bogus 55kg rant. the way half ropes are typicaly used the fall is caught by a single strand. I would honestly say that 99% of the falls that I have taken on halfs were caught on a single strand. Not that I fall on ice (once ever) but especially with ice you clip a single strand on ice floss and then climb about a mile or so before clipping the 2nd strand!
If the climbing is sketch and the gear sucks and it is possible a nice feature of half ropes is to place two pieces and clip one rope to each piece. I have never actually fallen when I have done this as i am usually too scared in that scenario to even consider falling. Typically I have fallen on a single strand. Typically the fall seems a lot longer than a simeler fall on both strands (do not even start with the don't clip both strands BS. Read the directions please!)or a fall on a single rated rope. I do not know if this longer fall is due to the half rope stretching more or the fact that most belayers are not nearly as good at catching falls on half ropes as they think they are.....
rgold

Trad climber
Poughkeepsie, NY
Jul 29, 2014 - 06:05pm PT
It makes sense to test with a lower weight because of the way that half ropes catch falls

This is a common misconception. After both tests and calculations, it was found that holding 5 factor 1.8 falls with a 55 kg weight was a reliable way to test that the rope would hold a single factor 1.8 fall with a 80 kg weight, more reliable as test protocol than trying a single drop with the 80 kg weight.

Here's a quote on the subject from Whitehorse Jeff, http://www.supertopo.com/climbing/thread.php?topic_id=833631&tn=165

n answer to the oft repeated question:" Why do they test half ropes singly with only 55kg", I was the American delegate (of the AAC) on the UIAA Safety Commission when the Half Rope Standard was put in place. Tests done at the time by Pit Schubert of the DAV (German Alpine Club) showed that any half rope that would withstand 5 UIAA test falls with a 55 kg test mass would also withstand one UIAA test fall with the 80kg mass. The argument presented to the members of the Commission at the time was that it would be impossible to get the lighter ropes which climbers (and guides ) wanted, to pass a harsher test, and that the real goal was to insure that a half rope would sustain at least one of the worst imaginable falls in the field, that being the fall represented by the UIAA single rope test. The repeated falls caught with the 55kg mass were accepted as the minimum repeatable test standard to insure this desired result. Over the approx 20 years that we've had the half rope standard , the Standard has proved to be high enough. (before the UIAA Standard was approved, people just climbed on half ropes without UIAA approval, assuming that both ropes would never be cut at the same time in the same fall, which has proved to be true in practice).
I accept that this reason may seem less than scientific to many. It was based on many tests carried out by the different certified UIAA test labs at the time, and as I remember was passed in near, if not total, unanimity by the voting members of the Commission, National delegates and Rope Manufacturers alike. There is one thing that encourages me at present as to the wisdom of this decision at the time-- rope manufacturing has made huge progress over the past 20 years, and this test still seems to hold up. Modern half ropes are much better than the ones I first used in France and Great Britain in the 70's.

On another subject:

I do not know if this longer fall is due to the half rope stretching more or the fact that most belayers are not nearly as good at catching falls on half ropes as they think they are.....

Of course, it is hard to know whether or not the fall is really longer unless one can replicate the exact same thing with a single rope. But, there are some other possibilities: (1) The belayer has to grip a thinner strand and it is sandwiched in with a second strand, so maybe a little rope runs through the device. (2) Half ropes are celebrated for reducing rope drag. But straighter rope paths mean more of the rope is actively involved in absorbing fall energy which means more of the total potential stretch is actually achieved.
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